As they ministered to the Lord and fasted, the Holy Spirit said, “Now separate to Me Barnabas and Saul for the work to which I have called them.” Then, having fasted and prayed, and laid hands on them, they sent them away.
Acts 13:2-3
In our passage above, we see fasting mentioned twice. It would seem these ministers of the gospel in Antioch were seeking direction from the Lord, and as they continued faithfully in serving and fasting, God revealed His will. But the fasting didn’t stop there. Once they understood the direction of the Spirit, they realized the weight of the task to which He was calling Barnabas and Saul, and so they fasted and prayed some more before sending them away. Given the importance of fasting in this passage, I think it would be worth our while to see what Scripture has to say further on this topic.
Fasting shows our need and dependency on God alone. It flows out of a desire to know Him above all else. It declares that our strength is not in natural bread to sustain the body but rather in the God that gives it. Remember Christ’s statement to Satan when tempted to turn bread to stone? Our Lord had been fasting for forty days and was hungry, yet even when in great physical need, His response was, “Man shall not live by bread alone, but by every word that proceeds from the mouth of God.” (Mat 4:4)
Anna was a woman who exhibited daily this hunger for God. She had been without a husband to provide for her for decades. Her pattern of life showed complete dependence on her heavenly Father as she served Him “with fastings and prayers night and day.” (Luk 2:37) She was greatly rewarded for her diligence as one day she entered the temple and came face to face with her infant Lord! (v. 38) One thing this text highlights when it describes her as fasting “night and day” for many years is that fasting does not necessarily mean to go entirely without food. As Daniel fasted for three weeks, he described it in this manner: “I ate no pleasant food, no meat or wine came into my mouth, nor did I anoint myself at all, till three whole weeks were fulfilled.” (Dan 10:3) Fasting therefore is denying yourself the things that might please the natural man in order to seek the Lord without distraction.
Fasting is most often associated with mourning in the Scripture. When Saul and Jonathan died, the people mourned and fasted in 2Sa 1:12. When John’s disciples asked Jesus why His disciples didn’t fast like they and the Pharisees did, Christ responded, “Can the friends of the bridegroom mourn as long as the bridegroom is with them? But the days will come when the bridegroom will be taken away from them, and then they will fast.” Fasting then is often prompted by a sense of separation from God, and that is especially true when the separation is due to sin. We see passages similar to Dan 9:3-5 frequently in God’s word where men are fasting as they repent and seek forgiveness and deliverance: “Then I set my face toward the Lord God to make request by prayer and supplications, with fasting, sackcloth, and ashes. And I prayed to the Lord my God, and made confession, and said, ‘O Lord…we have sinned and committed iniquity, we have done wickedly and rebelled, even by departing from Your precepts and Your judgments.'”
There are many accounts where we see prayers answered that were accompanied with fasting, but we must also understand that fasting in and of itself is not the key. We’re not assured that we will get our way when we pray to God while fasting. It’s not a means of twisting God’s arm to bend Him to our will. God has never moved simply by our outward actions. He looks on the heart! (1Sa 16:7) Jesus gives the following instruction regarding the private nature of fasting in Mat 6:16-18: “Moreover, when you fast, do not be like the hypocrites, with a sad countenance. For they disfigure their faces that they may appear to men to be fasting. Assuredly, I say to you, they have their reward. But you, when you fast, anoint your head and wash your face, so that you do not appear to men to be fasting, but to your Father who is in the secret place; and your Father who sees in secret will reward you openly.” A fast acceptable to God is accompanied by humility and obedience, both of which He’d rather see than men afflicting their natural bodies by denying themselves food! (Isa 58:1-10)
Jamie